M+CMath & Chess
Doctoral Research

The idea, put to the test.

Long before Math & Chess Consulting, Dr. Berkley studied whether chess instruction could measurably improve critical thinking and math achievement in developmental mathematics students — and wrote up exactly what he found.

“The Impact of Chess Instruction on the Critical Thinking Ability and Mathematical Achievement of Developmental Mathematics Students”

Darrin K. Berkley, Ed.D. · Morgan State University, 2012 · Advised by Roni Ellington, Ph.D. · 232 pages

What The Study Found

An honest look at what changed — and what didn’t

The research combined a controlled experiment with in-depth student interviews. Here’s what stood out.

01

Math achievement improved

Students who received ten weeks of chess instruction showed measurable gains in mathematics achievement compared to a control group that received none.

Quantitative Phase
02

Critical thinking: a mixed result

Chess instruction didn’t produce a statistically significant jump on the standardized critical-thinking measure — though chess ability and critical thinking did show a weak positive correlation.

Quantitative Phase
03

Students felt the connection

In follow-up interviews, students described real links between chess, thinking skills, and their math coursework — even where the numbers told a more cautious story.

Qualitative Phase
04

Memorization still mattered most

Students themselves pointed to rote memorization, more than critical thinking, as what actually drove their math performance — an honest, student’s-eye check on the theory.

Qualitative Phase
The Design

A rigorous, mixed-methods approach

The study used a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design. An experimental group of twelve developmental math students received chess instruction once a week — eighty minutes a session — for ten weeks, while a control group received none. Afterward, six students were interviewed in depth to understand how they experienced the connection between chess, critical thinking, and their math coursework firsthand.

Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal Experimental & Control Groups Student Interviews

Read the research for yourself

The complete 232-page dissertation is available through ProQuest, or read the free abstract on ERIC, the U.S. Department of Education’s research database.